Standard Costing as a Control Mechanism
Standard costing is technique of cost planning and control, based on scientific analysis of elements of cost in terms of standard input / output norms and standard rates / price per unit of input. The...
View ArticleBuilding Effective Teams
An effective team is one which contributes to the achievement of organizational objectives by performing the task assigned to it and providing satisfaction to its members. Team effectiveness depends on...
View ArticleProcess of Team Building
Team building attempts to improve effectiveness of the team by having team members to concentrate on: Setting goals and priorities for the team. Analyzing how team’s goals and priorities are linked to...
View ArticleTeam Development Life Cycle
When a number of individuals begin to work at interdependent jobs, they often pass through several stages as they learn to work together as a team. The stages of team development life cycle are...
View ArticleDifference Between Administration and Management
The use of two terms Management and Administration has been a controversial issue in the management literature. Some writers do not see any difference between the two terms, while others maintain that...
View ArticleDifferences Between Managers and Leaders
Quite often leading and managing are considered as synonymous terms. Both require several qualities or traits and both are processes involving interpersonal relations. Both involve setting goals and...
View ArticleDifference Between a Team and a Group
The terms team and group are often used interchangeably in management subjects, but there are some differences between these two concepts. A group is a collection of individuals who coordinate their...
View ArticleDifference Between Authority and Power
Authority and Power Authority may be defined as the right to guide and direct the actions of others and to secure from them responses which are appropriate to the attainment of the goals of the...
View ArticleOrganizational Culture
Organizational culture is the set of values that states what an organization stands for, how it operates and what it considers important. Edgar H. Schein defines organizational culture as the pattern...
View ArticleOrganizational Politics – Political Behavior in Organizations
Power and politics are inextricably interwoven with the fabric of an organization’s life. In any organization, at any given moment, a number of people are seeking to gain and use power to achieve their...
View ArticleConcept of Power in Management
Power in Management Power is easy to feel but difficult to define. It is the potential ability of a person or group to influence another person or group. It is the ability to get things done the way...
View ArticleLeadership Theories
Leadership is an integral part of management and plays a vital role in managerial operations. Leadership provides direction, guidance, and confidence to the employees and helps in the attainment of...
View ArticleGoal-Setting Theory of Motivation
This approach to motivation has been pioneered in the USA by Edwin Locke and his associates in 1960s and refined in 1980s. Goal-setting theory of motivation suggests that managers and subordinates...
View ArticleTen Personality Factors in Organizational Behavior
Personality is a complex, multi-dimensional construct and there is no simple definition of what personality is. Salvatore R. Maddi defines personality as, “A stable set of characteristics and...
View ArticlePerception in Organizations
Perception in Organizational Behavior Perception is an important mediating cognitive process. Through this complex process, people make interpretations of the stimulus or situation they are faced with....
View ArticleStimulus Generalization and Stimulus Discrimination in Organizations
Stimulus Generalization in Organizations Stimulus generalization refers to how people recognize the same or similar stimuli in different settings. In other words, it is the process by which they can...
View ArticleLearning Curve in an Organizational Context
A highly useful learning concept which is valid for a wide range of situation is the organizational learning curve, a diagrammatic presentation of the amount learned in relation to time. A typical...
View ArticleDelegation – The future of People Management
Many managers or team leaders feel quite threatened by the whole concept of delegation – after all they may have taken some time to reach their current position, so why should they start to give their...
View ArticleJay Galbraith’s Star Model of Organizational Design
Organizational design is not simply about structure and the resulting organizational chart. It is about the relationships between people, work, formal structures and informal practices and behaviors....
View ArticleGuidance in Management
The Concept of Guidance Guidance in management can be defined as: – “The act or process of guiding” or “The one who shows the way by leading, directing, or advising. “ or “The one who serves as a model...
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